Overview

Ontology is the philosophical study of being. Generally things are split into two broad categories: abstract and concrete things. These words are “terms of art” and their definition is not standardized in any way.

Bibliography

• Francesco Orilia and Michele Paolini Paoletti, “Properties,” in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2022 (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2022), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/.
• Nikk Effingham, An Introduction to Ontology (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
• Simon Hewitt, “A Cardinal Worry for Permissive Metaontology,” Metaphysica 16, no. 2 (September 18, 2015): 159–65, https://doi.org/10.1515/mp-2015-0009.